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Shock remedy (Shock Therapy)

Sakel

Shock remedy is also called Electroshock Therapy, Electroconvulsive Remedy. Technique of treating sure psychiatric problems through using medicine or electrical current to induce shock; the therapy derived from the notion (later disproved) that epileptic convulsions and schizophrenic symptoms never occurred together. In 1933 the psychiatrist Manfred Sakel of Vienna introduced the primary report of his work with insulin shock. Until the invention of the tranquilizing medication, variations of insulin-shock remedy (also referred to as insulin-coma therapy) were generally used within the remedy of schizophrenia and different psychotic conditions. With insulin-shock therapy, the affected person is given more and more giant doses of insulin, which scale back the sugar content material of the blood and bring on a state of coma. Often the comatose situation is allowed to persist for about an hour, at which era it is terminated by administering heat salt answer via stomach tube or by intravenous injection of glucose. Insulin shock had its greatest effectiveness with schizophrenic sufferers whose sickness had lasted less than two years (the rate of spontaneous restoration from schizophrenia also is highest in the first two years of the illness). Insulin-shock remedy additionally had more worth in the treatment of paranoid and catatonic schizophrenia than in the hebephrenic types.

Electroconvulsive, or electroshock, remedy, launched in Rome in 1938 by U. Cerletti and L. Bini, has been extensively utilized in treating disturbances through which extreme melancholy is the predominant symptom. It has been significantly recommended for manic-depressive psychoses and different sorts of depression. The approach is essentially that of passing alternating current through the head between two electrodes positioned over the temples. The passage of the present causes an instantaneous cessation of consciousness and the induction of a convulsive seizure. On the whole, electroconvulsive treatments are given thrice a week for a interval starting from two to 6 weeks; some acutely disturbed sufferers, nevertheless, have been given as many as two or three remedies in a single day.

Following a course of treatment there is normally an impairment of reminiscence, various from a slight tendency to overlook names to a extreme confessional state. The memory defect diminishes steadily over a number of months. Electroconvulsive therapy, like insulin shock, declined in use after the tranquilizing medication have been introduced.